John Paul Jones was a Scottish-American naval hero who played a vital role in the American Revolution. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest naval commanders in history and is often called the “Father of the American Navy”. But how did he die and what was the cause of his death?
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The Life and Career of John Paul Jones
John Paul Jones was born in Scotland on July 6, 1747, as John Paul. He started his maritime career at the age of 13, sailing as an apprentice aboard a merchant ship. He later became a master of several vessels and traveled to various parts of the world, including the West Indies and North America.
In 1775, he joined the Continental Navy, the naval force of the rebellious colonies that fought against Britain in the American Revolution. He adopted the name Jones and received a commission as a first lieutenant. He soon distinguished himself as a daring and successful commander, leading several raids on British ports and ships.
His most famous exploit was the Battle of Flamborough Head in 1779, when he commanded the USS Bonhomme Richard against the British warship HMS Serapis. Despite being outgunned and severely damaged, Jones refused to surrender and famously replied to the British captain, “I have not yet begun to fight!” After a fierce fight, Jones captured the Serapis and sailed it to France as a prize.
Jones was hailed as a hero in America and France, where he received several honors and awards. He also served briefly in the Russian Navy under Empress Catherine II, who made him a rear admiral. However, he faced political intrigues and accusations of misconduct in Russia, and returned to France in 1788.
The Death and Burial of John Paul Jones
Jones spent his last years in Paris, where he hoped to obtain a commission as the United States consul to Algiers. However, he never received his appointment and died on July 18, 1792, at the age of 45. His initial autopsy concluded that the cause of his death was kidney failure, with later clinical studies believing his condition was exacerbated by a heart arrhythmia.
Jones was buried in Paris in an unmarked grave, which was later lost during the French Revolution. His remains were rediscovered in 1905 after much research by U.S. Ambassador Horace Porter. To the surprise of French pathologists, Jones’ body was excellently preserved due to the embalming process.
Jones’ body was transported to the United States in 1906 aboard a naval cruiser escorted by a fleet of warships. He received a state funeral at the U.S. Naval Academy Chapel in Annapolis, Maryland, where he was interred in a marble sarcophagus. His crypt is decorated with flags, sculptures, and inscriptions that commemorate his life and achievements.
The Legacy of John Paul Jones
John Paul Jones is widely regarded as one of the founding fathers of the U.S. Navy, along with John Barry, John Adams, and Joshua Humphreys. He is remembered for his courage, skill, and innovation in naval warfare. He is also revered as a symbol of patriotism and freedom by both Americans and Scots.
Jones’ name and deeds have inspired many books, movies, songs, monuments, and ships over the years. Some of his famous quotes, such as “I have not yet begun to fight!” and “He who will not risk cannot win”, are still used today as motivational slogans. His motto, “Animo et Fide” (With Courage and Faith), is also adopted by several naval units and organizations.
John Paul Jones was a remarkable man who left an indelible mark on naval history. His death from kidney failure was a tragic end to a brilliant career. However, his legacy lives on in the hearts and minds of those who admire his spirit and achievements.
